LHPP expression in triple-negative breast cancer promotes tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic form of breast cancer that lacks an effective targeted therapy. To identify new therapeutic targets, we investigated the phosphohistidine phosphatase, LHPP, which has been implicated in the development of several types of cancer. However, the full significance of LHPP in cancer progression remains unclear due to our limited understanding of its molecular mechanism. We found that levels of the LHPP phosphohistidine phosphatase were significantly increased in human breast cancer patients compared to normal adjacent tissues, with the highest levels in the TNBC subtype. When LHPP was knocked out in the MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cell line, cell proliferation, wound healing capacity, and invasion were significantly reduced. However, LHPP knockout in TNBC cells did not affect the phosphohistidine protein levels. Interestingly, LHPP knockout in MDA-MB-231 cells delayed tumor growth and reduced metastasis when orthotopically transplanted into mouse mammary glands. To investigate LHPP's role in breast cancer progression, we used next-generation sequencing and proximity-labeling proteomics, and found that LHPP regulates gene expression in chemokine-mediated signaling and actin cytoskeleton organization. Depletion of LHPP reduced the presence of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in mouse xenografts. Our results uncover a new tumor promoter role for LHPP phosphohistidine phosphatase in TNBC and suggest that targeting LHPP phosphatase could be a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC.

Value of quantitative microsurface structure analysis for evaluating the invasion depth of type 0-II early gastric cancer.

Background and Aim: The microsurface structure reflects the degree of damage to the glands, which is related to the invasion depth of early gastric cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative microsurface structure analysis for estimating the invasion depth of early gastric cancer. Methods: White-light imaging and narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy were used to visualize the lesions of the included patients. The area ratio and depth-predicting score (DPS) of each patient were calculated; meanwhile, each lesion was examined by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Results: Ninety-three patients were included between 2016 and 2019. Microsurface structure is related to the histological differentiation and progression of early gastric cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that when an area ratio of 80.3% was used as a cut-off value for distinguishing mucosal (M) and submucosal (SM) type 0-II gastric cancers, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 82.9%, 80.2%, and 91.6%, respectively. The accuracies for distinguishing M/SM differentiated and undifferentiated early gastric cancers were 87.4% and 84.8%, respectively. The accuracy of EUS for distinguishing M/SM early gastric cancer was 74.9%. DPS can only distinguish M-SM1 (SM infiltration <500 µm)/SM (SM infiltration ≥500 µm) with an accuracy of 83.8%. The accuracy of using area ratio for distinguishing 0-II early gastric cancers was better than those of using DPS and EUS (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of microsurface structure can be performed to assess M/SM type 0-II gastric cancer and is expected to be effective for judging the invasion depth of gastric cancer.

Oxidative stress response: a critical factor affecting the ecological competitiveness of Streptococcus mutans.

Oral microecological balance is closely associated with the development of dental caries. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors regulating the composition and structure of the oral microbial community. Streptococcus mutans is linked to the occurrence and development of dental caries. The ability of S. mutans to withstand oxidative stress affects its survival competitiveness in biofilms. The oxidative stress regulatory mechanisms of S. mutans include synthesis of reductase, regulation of metal ions uptake, regulator PerR, transcription regulator Spx, extracellular uptake of glutathione, and other related signal transduction systems. Here, we provide an overview of how S. mutans adapts to oxidative stress and its influence on oral microecology, which may offer novel options to investigate the cariogenic mechanisms of S. mutans in the oral microenvironment, and new targets for the ecological prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Down-regulation of histone deacetylase 7 reduces biological activities of retinal microvascular endothelial cells under high glucose condition and related mechanism.

AIM: To investigate the expression and effect of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) under high glucose condition and related mechanism, and the expression of HDAC7 in the retinal tissue in diabetic rats. METHODS: The expression of HDAC7 in HRMECs under high glucose and the retinal tissue from normal or diabetic rats were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. LV-shHDAC7 HRMECs were used to study the effect of HDAC7 on cell activities. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, scratch test, Transwell test and tube formation assay were used to examine the ability of cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Finally, a preliminary exploration of its mechanism was performed by Western blot. RESULTS: The expression of HDAC7 was both up-regulated in retinal tissues of diabetic rats and high glucose-treated HRMECs. Down-regulation of HDAC7 expression significantly reduced the ability of proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and reversed the high glucose-induced high expression of CDK1/Cyclin B1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in high glucose-treated HRMECs. CONCLUSION: High glucose can up-regulate the expression of HDAC7 in HRMECs. Down-regulation of HDAC7 can inhibit HRMECs activities. HDAC7 is proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and a therapeutic target.

A Comprehensive Review of Surface Acoustic Wave-Enabled Acoustic Droplet Ejection Technology and Its Applications.

This review focuses on the development of surface acoustic wave-enabled acoustic drop ejection (SAW-ADE) technology, which utilizes surface acoustic waves to eject droplets from liquids without touching the sample. The technology offers advantages such as high throughput, high precision, non-contact, and integration with automated systems while saving samples and reagents. The article first provides an overview of the SAW-ADE technology, including its basic theory, simulation verification, and comparison with other types of acoustic drop ejection technology. The influencing factors of SAW-ADE technology are classified into four categories: fluid properties, device configuration, presence of channels or chambers, and driving signals. The influencing factors discussed in detail from various aspects, such as the volume, viscosity, and surface tension of the liquid; the type of substrate material, interdigital transducers, and the driving waveform; sessile droplets and fluid in channels/chambers; and the power, frequency, and modulation of the input signal. The ejection performance of droplets is influenced by various factors, and their optimization can be achieved by taking into account all of the above factors and designing appropriate configurations. Additionally, the article briefly introduces the application scenarios of SAW-ADE technology in bioprinters and chemical analyses and provides prospects for future development. The article contributes to the field of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology and may help researchers to design and optimize SAW-ADE systems for specific applications.

Building a Human Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Aflatoxin B1 to Simulate Interactions with Drugs.

Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are secondary fungal metabolites present in food commodities and part of one's daily exposure, especially in certain regions, e.g., sub-Saharan Africa. AFB1 is mostly metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. As a consequence of chronic exposure, it is interesting to check for interactions with drugs taken concomitantly. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed based on the literature and in-house-generated in vitro data to characterise the pharmacokinetics (PK) of AFB1. The substrate file was used in different populations (Chinese, North European Caucasian and Black South African), provided by SimCYP® software (v21), to evaluate the impact of populations on AFB1 PK. The model's performance was verified against published human in vivo PK parameters, with AUC ratios and Cmax ratios being within the 0.5-2.0-fold range. Effects on AFB1 PK were observed with commonly prescribed drugs in South Africa, leading to clearance ratios of 0.54 to 4.13. The simulations revealed that CYP3A4/CYP1A2 inducer/inhibitor drugs might have an impact on AFB1 metabolism, altering exposure to carcinogenic metabolites. AFB1 did not have effects on the PK of drugs at representative exposure concentrations. Therefore, chronic AFB1 exposure is unlikely to impact the PK of drugs taken concomitantly.

[Effects of electroacupuncture pretreatment on NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with ventilator-induced lung injury].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on inflammatory response in ven-tilator-induced lung injury (VILI) mice, so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA pretreatment on prevention of VILI. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, EA group and sham-acupoint group，with 8 mice in each group. The VILI model was established by ventilation with high tidal volume. Mice in the EA group and sham-acupoint group were given EA at "Zusanli" (ST36)and "Feishu"(BL13) or non-acupoints (located at 1-2 cm on both sides of the tail root of the proximal trunk) before mechanical ventilation, 30 min each time, once a day for 5 days. Arterial blood was collec-ted for blood gas analysis, the total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by BCA method. The contents of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in BALF were detected by ELISA. Lung injury score was determined after HE staining. The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) and Caspase-1 in lung tissue was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index were decreased(P<0.05), the levels of total protein, IL-1ß and IL-18 in BALF, the W/D value and the pathological injury score of lung tissue and the protein expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC were increased(P<0.05)in the model group. Following the interventions, the above mentioned increased or decreased indicators were reversed(P<0.05) in the EA group rather than in the sham-acupoint group. CONCLUSION: EA pretreatment of ST36 and BL13 can reduce the damage of lung tissue caused by mechanical ventilation, which may be related to its effect in reducing the expression of NLPR3 inflammasome related proteins, reducing the activation of inflammasome, and thereby reducing the inflammatory response.

Optimization Analysis of Particle Separation Parameters for a Standing Surface Acoustic Wave Acoustofluidic Chip.

Microparticle separation technology is an important technology in many biomedical and chemical engineering applications from sample detection to disease diagnosis. Although a variety of microparticle separation techniques have been developed thus far, surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based microfluidic separation technology shows great potential because of its high throughput, high precision, and integration with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. In this work, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic separation chip that includes a piezoelectric device that generates tilted-angle standing SAWs and a permanently bonded PDMS microchannel. We established a mathematical model of particle motion in the microchannel, simulated the particle trajectory through finite element simulation and numerical simulation, and then verified the validity of the model through acoustophoresis experiments. To improve the performance of the separation chip, the influences of particle size, flow rate, and input power on the particle deflection distance were studied. These parameters are closely related to the separation purity and separation efficiency. By optimizing the control parameters, the separation of micron and submicron particles under different throughput conditions was achieved. Moreover, the separation samples were quantitatively analyzed by digital light scattering technology and flow cytometry, and the results showed that the maximum purity of the separated particles was ∼95%, while the maximum efficiency was ∼97%.

[Characteristics of Soil Erosion and Nitrogen Loss in Vegetable Field Under Natural Rainfall].

The effects of vegetable planting on soil loss and nutrient loss, runoff, soil erosion, and nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) losses under individual rainfalls of fruit- and leaf-vegetable fields between April to October in 2021 were observed using in-situ observation testing. The results showed that: ① the runoff, erosion, and nitrogen loss of the fruit-vegetable pattern (eggplant-chili) were 1.27-2.00 times those under the leaf-vegetable pattern (leaf lettuce-sweet potato leaves), especially under the second season vegetable period. Those losses under the second season vegetable accounted for 50.86%-68.83% of the total losses under different vegetable patterns, which were approximately 1.03-2.04 times those under the first season vegetable. The runoff, erosion, and nutrient loss of vegetable fields under different treatments were both concentrated in June and July, and the nitrogen loss was mainly in the form of nitrate nitrogen with surface runoff. ② The runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses under individual rainfalls of vegetable fields under different treatments fluctuated among the vegetable growing season, and the losses were mainly concentrated in several typical rainfall events. On the whole, the loss and concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in runoff and erosion sediment of vegetables in the first season were lower than those in the second season. The runoff, erosion, and loss of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of fruit-vegetable were higher than those of leaf-vegetable. ③ Both rainfall amount and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity had significantly positive effects on runoff, soil loss, and nitrogen loss. Runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses under different vegetable patterns were mainly generated by moderate rain, heavy rain, and heavy rainstorms, which accounted for 29.58%-46.68%, 24.54%-36.79%, and 24.01%-39.13% of the total losses, respectively. The results also showed that soil erosion and nutrient losses generated by different rainfall grades were obviously different for the fruit- and leaf-vegetable treatments. The results indicated that the vegetable pattern had significant impacts on soil loss and nutrient loss, and the leaf-vegetable pattern could reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss compared with the fruit-vegetable pattern. Furthermore, for different vegetable patterns and vegetable growing seasons, the effects of rainfall on soil loss and nutrient loss were quite different. The results of this study were helpful in clarifying the soil erosion and nutrient loss characteristics of vegetable fields in South China.

Whole-body vibration exposure characterization in bus drivers of Haikou City: A comparison between two health risk assessment methods / 环境与职业医学

Background Long-term exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) will affect the health of occupational drivers. However, research on the characteristics of WBV exposure by urban bus drivers and health risk evaluation is still insufficient. Objective To identify the characteristics of occupational WBV exposure of bus drivers serving 31 bus routes provided by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group, and to evaluate their occupational health risks related to WBV. Methods A total of 31 out of 142 bus routes run by three branches of Haikou Public Transport Group were selected to monitor WBV exposure of 31 bus drivers during driving. WBV parameters such as triaxial frequency weighted acceleration (awx, awy, awz) and triaxial crest factor (CFx, CFy, CFz) of the drivers were determined with a six-channel human vibration meter. Two methods, 8-hour daily value of the weighted root mean square average weighted vibration [A(8)] based on aw and 8-hour daily value of vibration dose [VDV(8)] based on vibration dose value (VDV), were used for health risk assessment and classified WBV health risk results into three levels (high, medium, and low) by the exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit values (ELV) for A(8) and VDV(8) recommended by ISO 2631-1:1997. The two evaluation methods, A(8) and VDV(8), were compared by Fisher's exact test. Results Regarding the WBV parameters, the vector sum of acceleration (av) was 0.321-0.680 m·s−2, the VDV of monitoring interval was 3.824-10.174 m·s−1.75, and the VDV(8) was 6.039-13.505 m·s−1.75; their values in mean ± standard deviation were (0.480±0.100) m·s−2, (6.987±2.737) m·s−1.75, and (9.773±4.540) m·s−1.75, respectively. Positive correlations were found between awx and awz, av and awz, CFx and CFy, CFy and CFz. No bus route's WBV exposure level was graded as high health risk by either A(8) or VDV(8). The number of routes graded as low health risk by A(8) was 26, while the number by VDV(8) was 12. The consistency rates of health risk levels evaluated by the two methods were 66.7% (6/9), 54.6% (6/11), and 45.5% (5/11) for the three bus group branches, respectively. The difference in WBV health risk assessment results between the two evaluation methods was not statistically significant. Conclusion Positive correlations are found between triaxial acceleration and triaxial crest factor. There is no difference in the results of using A(8) and VDV(8) to evaluate health risks of WBV in urban bus routes.

Simulation analysis on the distribution characteristics and movement rules of particulate matter in a convenience store / 中国职业医学

Objective: The spatial distribution model of particulate matter based on time change in a specific place was established to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and movement of particulate matter. Methods: A convenience store was selected as the research subject. The micro-climate and particle number concentration (PNC) of the site were detected, and numerical simulation was carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method. Based on the discrete phase model, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and movement rules of simulated particles were analyzed. Results: The wind speed at the entrance of the convenience store was low and almost unchanged during the detection, while the wind speeds outside and inside outlets were high and changed sharply. The PNC of particle size of 0.02-1.00 μm was higher than that of particle size >1.00 μm (all P<0.05). The PNC with particle size of 0.02-1.00 μm from high to low were checkout counter, entrance, outer outlet and inner outlet (all P<0.05). The PNC of the checkout counter and entrance varies greatly, while the PNC of the outer outlet and inner outlet was relatively steady. The CFD simulation results showed that particles exhaled by individuals near the entrance of the checkout counter of the convenience store could be expelled outdoors more quickly with the influence of airflow. However, particles exhaled by individuals in the middle of the shelves remained suspended indoors for a longer period of time compared to those near the checkout counter. Particles emitted from the air conditioning outlet diffuse throughout the entire store and reach a steady state in 300 seconds. Conclusion: The particulate matter in the convenience store was mainly small particle with the size less than 1.00 μm. The residence time, downward trend and number of suspended particulates of human exhaled particles were related to air flow. The particulates escaped from the air conditioner could quickly spread to almost the entire convenience store.

Correlation between work fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal pain or injury in the occupational population in China / 中国职业医学

Objective: To analyze the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in Chinese occupational population, and to study the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain and WMSDs. Methods: A total of 66 961 employees from 323 enterprises in 15 key industries in China were selected as the study subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were investigated using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and visual analogue scale. The data were standardized using the age composition data of 18 to 60 years from the seventh national population census. Results: The standardized annual incidence of WMSDs was higher in the front-line workers than that in the administrative and other supportive staff (38.82% vs 36.30%). The detection rates of work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in the study subjects were 44.54% and 63.08%, respectively. The result of S-curve fitting showed that the risk of WMSDs increased with the level of work fatigue (P<0.01). Among the front-line workers, the average of monthly fatigue frequency in the neck, shoulder, lower back, upper back, wrist/hand, foot and ankle, knee, leg, and elbow were higher in the group with WMSDs compared to those without WMSDs (all P<0.01). The pain degree of musculoskeletal pain was higher in all nine sites in the fatigued group than in the no-fatigue group (all P<0.01). The standardized detection rate of musculoskeletal pain was higher in the fatigued group than in the non-fatigued group (80.38% vs 25.71%). The work fatigue was moderate and positively correlated with musculoskeletal pain in all seven sites except the lower back and elbow, with Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficients ranging from 0.423 to 0.546 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between work fatigue and local musculoskeletal pain, work fatigue and WMSDs in Chinese occupational population. Implementing ergonomic interventions to control the development of work fatigue can be an effective measure for preventing WMSDs.

Association between wrist pain and awkward postures among workers in 10 key industries / 环境与职业医学

Background Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort. Objective To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, workers from 10 key industries, such as footwear manufacturing industry, shipbuilding manufacturing industry, and automobile manufacturing industry, were selected from seven regions in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. The demographic information, wrist working postures, pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Pearson χ2 test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors, trend χ2 test for between group comparison, and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain. Results There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey, and 56286 provided valid questionnaires (the effective rate was 87.8%). According to the survey, the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3% (13112/56286), and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing (27.1%, 1927/7106), automobile manufacturing (24.9%, 5378/21560), and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing (24.4%, 850/3488) industries. Finger pinching (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.95-2.24), frequent wrist bending (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.92-2.15), fixed wrist bending (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.69-1.85), wrist on hard edge (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.40), and arms over shoulders (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) increased the risk of reporting wrist pain. Conclusion Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries. The related factors are wrist on hard edge, frequent wrist bending, finger pinching, fixed wrist bending, and arms over shoulders.

Prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in chemical pharmaceutical industry / 环境与职业医学

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their influencing factors among workers in a furniture factory / 环境与职业医学

Background Furniture manufacturing is one of the typical labor-intensive industries, and workers in this industry face a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which seriously affect the physical and mental health of workers. Objective To explore the prevalence and potential risk factors of WMSDs among workers in a large-scale furniture manufacturing factory. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3431 workers in a furniture factory in Guangdong Province was conducted from September to December 2019. Information including reported WMSDs in various body parts in the past year, demographic characteristics, work organization factors, job characteristics, and work postures was collected by an electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Pearson χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors leading to WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 32.12% (1102/3431). The most common WMSDs symptoms occurred in the neck (16.85%), followed by the feet (15.27%), shoulders (14.81%), and hands (14.25%). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, elbows, hands, legs, and feet were significantly different among different types of work (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures were associated with the frequency of reporting WMSDs in specific parts of workers. Comparatively poor physical health (including moderate, poor, and very poor) was positively correlated with neck, shoulder, hand, and foot WMSDs (OR=1.479-4.077); working with an uncomfortable posture (OR=1.983) and doing the same task almost every day (OR=1.783) were positively correlated with neck pain; doing the same task almost every day (OR=2.408) and neck twisting for a long time (OR=1.830) were positively correlated with shoulder pain; bending wrists up and down frequently (OR=1.948) and bending wrists for a long time (OR=2.081) were positively correlated with hand pain; prolonged standing (OR=1.953) and often working overtime (OR=1.627) were positively correlated with feet pain; sufficient rest time was negatively correlated with WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, hands, and foot (OR=0.544-0.717). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in furniture manufacturing workers is relatively high, and neck, feet, shoulders, and hands are the most involved body parts. The frequency of reporting WMSDs is related to individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures.

Research progress on oxidative stress regulatory mechanisms in Streptococcus mutans / 口腔疾病防治

@#The oral microecological balance is closely associated with the development of dental caries. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors regulating the composition and structure of the oral microbial community. Streptococcus mutans is closely related to the occurrence and development of dental caries. The ability of S. mutans to withstand oxidative stress affects its survival competitiveness in biofilms. The oxidative stress regulatory mechanisms of S. mutans include the synthesis of reductase, the regulation of iron and manganese uptake by metalloregulatory proteins, transcription regulator Spx, extracellular uptake of glutathione and other related signal transduction systems. The current research focuses on how S. mutans adapts to a complex external environment through an oxidative stress response and its influence on oral microecology. We can design targeted small molecular compounds for key signaling pathways to inhibit oxidative stress and weaken the virulence of S. mutans, which is important for oral microecological modulation and dental caries prevention and treatment.

Visual analysis of adolescent psychological resilience studies based on the CNKI database / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo sort out and analyze the research progress of adolescent psychological resilience， and to grasp the research hotspots and frontiers in this field. MethodsCiteSpace was used to make a visual analysis of the number of publications， authors and institution， and co-occurrence， clustering and burst terms of keywords in literatures related to adolescent psychological resilience collected in CNKI database from January 1， 2012 to December 31， 2021. Results① For almost a decade， the research on adolescent psychological resilience was divided into a slow growth stage （2012-2018） and a rapid growth stage （2018-2021）. ② The cooperation between authors were relatively close， and most of them were small and medium-sized cooperative organizations. There was less cooperation in scientific research institutions and most of them were normal universities. ③ In terms of co-occurrence analysis， hot keywords could be roughly divided into three categories： mental health status， influencing factors， and prevention and intervention research. ④ The related high-frequency keywords generate ten clusters， including academic emotions， learning burnout， adolescents， migrant children， mental health， internalized problems， social support， coping style， self-esteem and happiness. ⑤ The keywords with high burst intensity were coping style， mental health， mediation， regression analysis， social work， mental health and anxiety. ConclusionIn the future， cooperation between research institutions can be strengthened to improve the quality of the research on psychological resilience of adolescents. In addition， intervention research related to psychological resilience may become a hotspot in this field in the future.

The role of bacterial cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate in the host immune response.

Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a second messenger which is widely used in signal transduction in bacteria and archaea. c-di-AMP plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial physiological activities, such as the cell cycle, cell wall stability, environmental stress response, and biofilm formation. Moreover, c-di-AMP produced by pathogens can be recognized by host cells for the activation of innate immune responses. It can induce type I interferon (IFN) response in a stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent manner, activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, inflammasome, and host autophagy, and promote the production and secretion of cytokines. In addition, c-di-AMP is capable of triggering a host mucosal immune response as a mucosal adjuvant. Therefore, c-di-AMP is now considered to be a new pathogen-associated molecular pattern in host immunity and has become a promising target in bacterial/viral vaccine and drug research. In this review, we discussed the crosstalk between bacteria and host immunity mediated by c-di-AMP and addressed the role of c-di-AMP as a mucosal adjuvant in boosting evoked immune responses of subunit vaccines. The potential application of c-di-AMP in immunomodulation and immunotherapy was also discussed in this review.

The Effect of Electroacupuncture Preconditioning on Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Levels in Elderly Patients with Diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) levels in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective diabetic foot surgery were enrolled in this study. All patients were aged 65 years and above and weighed 45-75 kg. All were characterized as class II or III according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status classification system. Patients were divided randomly into an electroacupuncture group (group E) and a control group (group C); both groups comprised 20 patients. In group E, the DU20 (Baihui), DU24 (Shenting), and EX-HN1 (Sishencong) acupoints were selected for electroacupuncture 30 min prior to administering anesthesia, while in group C, patients underwent routine anesthesia without electroacupuncture. The patients in both groups were anesthetized using a sciatic nerve block. The number of cases with increased or decreased regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) compared with the baseline as well as rSO2 variability in the two groups were recorded and compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the preoperative rSO2 values between the two groups (54.4 ± 4.8 (L), 53.9 ± 5.2 (R) [group C] vs 54.1 ± 5.2 (L), 54.5 ± 4.6 (R)[group E]). Compared with group C, the rSO2 in group E increased (50.3 ± 3.9 [group C] vs 58.4 ± 3.2[group E]), and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture stimulation can increase rSO2 levels in patients with diabetes. Clinical Registration Number: ChiCTR2100048783 (http://www.chictr.org.cn).

The Role of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a well known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondria are the center of intracellular energy metabolism and the main source of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in diabetes-associated brain alterations contributing to neurodegenerative events. Defective insulin signaling may act in concert with neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers neuronal energy exhaustion and oxidative stress, leading to brain neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. The normality of mitochondrial function is basically maintained by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. In T2DM, defects in the mitochondrial quality control pathway in the brain have been found to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the association of mitochondrial dysfunction with T2DM and cognitive impairment. We also review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of cognitive impairment in T2DM.